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2022

Cecilia CURIS - MUSIC THERAPY BY IMPROVISATION AND THE USE OF MUSICAL PSYCHODRAMA IN THERAPY OF ANXIETY - A CASE STUDY	ABSTRACT Background: Adolescence, a transitional period in the life of any individual is often assimilated to a stage of psychobiological crisis in which anxiety disorder and mood disorders are frequently diagnosed. In the current pandemic context, in which distance and social isolation have changed the lifestyle of individuals, the social relationships of teenager indispensable for shaping future social identity have suffered, also. The uncertainty of the present period is projected also on the choice of adolescents' career, through the negative impact in terms of image and self-esteem. Consequently, anxiety reaches high levels, with direct reference in this case to performance anxiety. Method: The mode of exposure chosen in this paper is the case study. The case of a 17-year-old girl diagnosed with anxiety disorder and impaired self-image is presented. The material used was selected from the clinical case notes. The intervention materialized in 10 therapy sessions with a weekly frequency, falling into the category of short-term therapy. The intervention method was eclectic built on a core of clientcentered therapy in which we combined music therapy by improvisation and psychodrama with relaxation and Ericksonian therapy techniques. The peculiarity of the case consists in the fact that the client is a student at the Art High School, she has been singing since the age of 7 and she wants to pursue a career in the artistic field. Results: At the end of the ten therapy sessions I found a decrease in anxiety, an improvement in self-image and an improvement in family relationships. Conclusions: The integration of music therapy based on improvisation combined with psychodrama in the register of psychological intervention instruments in a client with artistic concerns played an important role in the psychotherapeutic process improving the results per se but also in terms of facilitating the establishment of the therapeutic relationship. Keywords: teenager; anxiety; psychodrama; music therapy; improvisation.
Diana-Elena SÂRB, Andrea PIȘTA - DEVELOPMENT OF THE STUDENTS' COGNITIVE PROCESSES THROUGH INTERDISCIPLINARY APPROACHES	ABSTRACT Music influences and, in turn, is influenced by other disciplines. Its vital and dynamic presence in our lives determines an interdisciplinary approach to general music. This article seeks to describe the principles and purposes of such an approach, as well as the characteristics of an interdisciplinary option that can influence students' cognitive development, attitude formation, and the development of musical skills. Music training induces changes in children's brains and behavior, thus supporting the power of music education in the child's cognitive development. Music teachers can create interpretive spaces in which research-based projects open up opportunities for expressive and creative experiences. This analysis explores ways for the future development of interdisciplinary perspectives, including dispositions, skills, and understandings that lead to interdisciplinary teaching, the development of students' relational thinking in various fields, and pedagogical strategies that foster meaningful connections. Keywords: cognitive development, interdisciplinarity, integrated optional class, music education.
Marian-Andrei MEZDREA - REFLECTIONS ON THE IMPORTANCE OF RESEARCH FOR THE ACTIVITY OF A ROMANIAN TRADITIONAL DANCE TEACHER: "LAD'S DANCE IN ROMANIA"	ABSTRACT Following the research undertaken by Prof. Dr Zamfir Dejeu in 2015, the Lad's folk dance in Romania was included on the list of UNESCO intangible national heritage. Together with six other elements: the Căluș ritual, the Doina, the traditional pottery of Horezu, Men's Group Christmas Caroling, the traditional wall-carpet craftsmanship and Marțișorul, the lad's folk dance represents the tradition and customs of the Romanian peasant. This book, "Jocul fecioresc din România" (The lad's folk dance in Romania), is the most important of Dr Zamfir Dejeu's publications because, besides structuring all the research work for UNESCO, it contains the scores of the dance melodies, as well as the transcription of the lad's dances in the international Labanotation. It is thus aimed at specialists and connoisseurs of this type of notation, but not only, and it represents good teaching material. It is the only book of its kind published in Romania. The international Labanotation contributes to understanding traditional dances from a scientific point of view by transcribing them. This work is significant for choreography teachers because it exposes different Romanian lad's folk dances, classified into nine categories, for each of the nine categories identified in prof. Dejeu's book, both musical examples and the transcription of dances in the international Labanotation are present. The book includes the scores of each melody on which the dances are performed. These reinforce the outstanding research made for this book. Firstly, the dance notation helps researchers pass on the dances as they were performed, without distortion. Secondly, ethnochoreology researchers, by transcribing the dances, can analyse them technically and in relation to the music. Feciorește rar is the most complex and rich in dance figures of all lad's dances. It can only be performed by the most skilled dancers and has a high degree of difficulty. However, it is also the most common lad's dance in most folklore dance groups in the Transylvanian area. Feciorește rar is also often seen at private events or parties, where boys and men compete in various complex dance figures. This is where improvisation comes in. The performers dancing the Feciorește rar perform the dance figures in their style. Keywords: The Lad’s dance in Romania, Labanotation, Interactive methods of teaching lad's folk dance to children, warming up for the Lad’s dance, Joc fecioresc.
Bianca Teodora BĂILĂ - INTERACTIVE MATERIALS USED IN THE PRIMARY AND MIDDLE SCHOOL MUSIC EDUCATION	ABSTRACT Music education has always been one of the most important and crucial means of developing the children’s cognitive and creative abilities through the use of necessary elements such as children songs, rhythmic games and exercises, the inclusion of body percussion, the use of audio-visual materials and other helpful online music resources. This research will present a pedagogical approach destined for small groups of pupils engaged in music theory and choir subjects, belonging to the 1st grade and up to the 5th grade. After observing other international teachers’ approaches towards the music education subject, I got driven by the idea of implementing creativity and interdisciplinarity into the music classroom, thus assuring interactive strategies of teaching. In order to achieve that particular goal, I have decided to add various new materials, gathered as a result of a personal research in the children’s international music repertoire domain, all with the purpose of developing the children’s abilities of instrumental and/ or rhythmic practice, studying the influence of children’s movies and cartoons on the pupils and adding foreing languages into the lessons. The flexible materials described in full detail throughout the paper were extracted from the Disney universe and the international folk repertoire. All the songs are applicable to more than just one grade and have different options of use. The pedagogical aspects, the feedback received and the cognition gains resulted by learning these songs will be discussed further. Keywords: Education; Pedagogy; Music Cognition; Children’s Repertoire; International Songs; Interdisciplinarity, Fun in the classroom, Creative lessons.
Iulia TOMA, Mihai POPEAN, Claudia BORZA - ELECTROMYOGRAPHY-BASED INVESTIGATION OF BILATERAL EXTENSOR DIGITORUM COMMUNIS, ABDUCTOR DIGITI MINIMI, AND ABDUCTOR POLLICIS BREVIS OF A PIANIST, AFTER PERFORMING D. SCARLATTI’S BAROQUE SONATA K.1	ABSTRACT The changes in muscular activity can increase the risk for musculoskeletal disorders and also have a negative impact on the performance task itself. Finger and arm techniques, of a professional pianist playing Scarlatti’s baroque sonata K.1 were studied using the electromyograph (EMG) which recorded muscular activity of bilateral extensor digitorum, abductor digiti minimi and abductor pollicis brevis. Compared results of finger and arm technique reveal lower amplitude potentials in all of the muscles investigated, except in the left extensor muscle where amplitude increased. Also, the frequency of the potentials decreased in all of the muscles investigated, except for the left abductor pollicis brevis where such potentials remain constant. Such difference in muscle potentials may lead to muscle-joint disorders if long-term activity is observed. The aim of this investigation is to increase awareness of the benefit of applying a complex mix of pianistic techniques rather than a single playing technique in piano education. Keywords: EMG; piano; muscle; sonata; repertoire.
Alexandru SUCIU - ARRIGO BOITO’S PROLOGUE IN THEATRE (MEFISTOFELE, 1868) – A SHIFT IN CULTURAL PERSPECTIVES	ABSTRACT People tend to look at the educational process as a well-outlined set of manifestations within a given context involving teachers and students. However, throughout the history of music there are several composers who have viewed their craft as educational not by organizing seminars, or teaching in schools, but by trying to influence the way the audience relates to their art directly through their works. A perfect example is the Italian composer Arrigo Boito. His work’s libretto was published two months before the premiere, thus allowing the future audience to get acquainted to the subject. It contains a Prologue in the Theatre, which was designed to be read, and not to be staged. In this part, he made the reasons for choosing Faust as the subject clear and gave an account of what it meant to him, all the while maintaining an educational aspect to it. Mefistofele was highly controversial at the time of its premiere (1868). Considering the Italian operatic world had lost its way along the road, Boito tried to abruptly change its course. At the time, the recipe for a successful opera consisted of an emotion-stirring subject, set to a captivating, energetical musical score. Boito chose to alienate his work from this pattern and made his opera unique by using the Faustian myth as a base subject (a philosophical quest, rather than emotional), wrote his own libretto, employed unusual compositional concepts, directed, and conducted the whole show. Knowing what the probable reaction to his new composition would be, he hoped it would reach that part of the audience that would be able to understand his conceptual endeavors, and then gradually be accepted by the other parts of the public, all the while remaining unmoved by his rather rough critics. Keywords: Opera, Boito, audience, libretto, avant-garde, initiation.
Bianka BLAJ - TU(R)NING SMART: PRACTICE SYSTEMS IN MUSIC EDUCATION	ABSTRACT The benefits of long lasting musical education on the intellect have been showcased in a multitude of studies, ranging from the disputed Mozart Effect to other similar phenomena, numerous developed practice systems which have addressed the issue of music cognition in respect to children of different ages, different circumstance and backgrounds. This paper’s aim is to present several methods that through vocal singing and instrument playing contributed to significantly enlarging children’s episodic as well as long term memory and follows cognitive reactions developed interactively through means of game and play. The individually planned lessons allow for specific attention the teacher can provide by focusing primarily on the needs of each participant, abiding to following especially the development of their emotional intelligence through careful monitoring of organizational needs. The research touches on aspects concerned with melodic and harmonic progressions, rhythmic movements, as well as allowing for the participants to employ creativity throughout the process. Keywords: music education, cognition, smart music, instrument playing, pedagogy.
Lavinia-Maria CHIȘ - THE INFLUENCE OF TRADITIONAL MUSIC ON THE STUDENTS’ EMOTIONS AND BEHAVIOR	ABSTRACT When it comes about people’s behavior, comparing the students from rural communities with students from urban areas, most of the times it is said that the first ones are more polite in speaking and in their actions, kinder, happier and open minded, preferring outdoors or practical activities, due to the fact that they live in a traditional environment where the system of values transmitted through music, specific activities, way of addressing to people and living style. Even more, various scientific studies in medicine and in psychology had successfully proved that music can play a major role not only in influencing people’s emotions and behavior as a consequence of a natural, rudimentary manner of listening to music practiced by everyone, but also in improving or healing them if we refer to music therapy. Correlating those two ideas, there are a few questions that can be put: Is there any connection between students’ emotions and behavior and the traditional music which they listen more often? Can folklore really influence the emotions and behavior? In which way can traditional music be used to improve or to change students’ emotions and behavior? The present research study has as starting point the fact that being a teacher in a rural school the opportunity to observe students’ emotions and behavior led to a real challenge of finding the aspects in which the folklore manifests its influence. That is why the necessity of answering the questions risen and expressed above became more attractive and also an interesting thing to take into consideration. In order to illustrate as accurately as possible the entire process of improving students’ emotions and behavior and to highlight the major changes and differences between the initial and the final picture of the case, a 21 days program implementation and a comparative analysis were needed. Keywords: emotions, traditional music, musical emotions, behavior, negative and positive emotions, folklore.
Iulia ROMAN, Cosmina Silvia STITZL - KNOWLEDGE IN MUSIC TEACHING AS A PHENOMENON GENERATED BY NEW PRACTICES IN THE MUSIC PROFESSION	Abstract: COR (the abbreviation for the Classification of Occupations in Romania) is the nomenclature by which the occupations (functions and occupations) of the active population in Romania are centralized and in which an occupation is classified only once. In the current context of the dynamics of the music professions in Romania, the year 2022 brings additions to the basic group 2652 Musicians, singers and composers. At present, the preliminary analysis shows that if for most of these professions that require higher education, there are study programs, some of them are not covered by qualifications obtained at the end of undergraduate studies, which requires the connection of skills to qualifications. A modern education and adequate to the current requirements requires the teacher a permanent adaptation to the new tendencies and directions of the educational system. For an overview of knowledge in music teaching as a phenomenon generated by new practices in the music profession,weformulated a set of 20 questions in a questionnaire. The professional group to which the questionnaire was addressed was composed of teachers who work in primary, secondary, high school and university in Romania and Germany, totaling 250 respondents. Keywords: COR, new professions, skills, qualifications, training courses, advanced training, teaching knowledge.
Ion-Alexandru ARDEREANU, Veronica Laura DEMENESCU - TEACHING MUSIC IN ROMANIAN THEOLOGICAL HIGHER EDUCATION FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE NEW MUSICAL TEACHING METHODS	ABSTRACT Byzantine music is not just a museum artifact but a living reality, present through the Orthodox Churches in the contemporary landscape and heard every Sunday by tens of thousands or even hundreds of thousands of believers around the world. Obviously, and due to the fact that the worship of the Orthodox Church is mostly sung, church music occupies an important place in the education of young Orthodox theologians being a fundamental discipline of the curricula of the faculties of Orthodox theology. The present research aims to analyze, based on a study conducted with several theological students from western Romania, the possibility of improvements that can be made to the way music is taught in Romanian faculties of Orthodox theology. Keywords: Music Education, Orthodox Church Music, Orthodox Theology, Byzantine music, Church music education.
Gheorghe Ioan MIHALAȘ - SONIFICATION – A BRIDGE BETWEEN SCIENCE AND ARTS	ABSTRACT The paper argues for the unity of art and science. Dedicated to music readers, the first part, written in review style has a relatively technical content, well systematized introduction in the field of sonication - data representation by sound, with many references, emphasizing the central paradigm of sonication - the correspondence between characteristic data parameters input with parameters specific to the output sound sequence. In the field prepared in the first part, the second part written in essay style is developed, dedicated to the comparison between the composition activity and that of the programmer. The evolution of sonication algorithms from parametric to structural correspondence is highlighted, both technically and the impact at the cognitive-emotional level. Keywords: sonification, interdisciplinarity, parameter mapping, structural mapping, musical composition,